When the tester has partial knowledge of the target system prior to the test, this is called Grey-Box Testing.

When the tester has partial knowledge of the target system prior to the test, this is called Grey-Box Testing.

• A. Grey-Box Testing
• B. Grey-Hat hackers
• C. Full Backup
• D. Frame Relay

Answer: (A)

Partial knowledge of the target system defines grey-box testing. In this approach, the tester has some information about the internal structure—such as architectural details, certain credentials, or configuration data—but not full access to everything like source code. This lets the tester focus on realistic attack paths while still lacking complete insight, giving a practical assessment that sits between no internal knowledge and full internal knowledge. That makes grey-box testing the correct term for a tester with partial knowledge. The other options don’t fit: Grey-Hat hackers describe people rather than a testing methodology; a Full Backup is a data protection technique; and Frame Relay is a networking technology, not a testing approach.

Partial knowledge of the target system defines grey-box testing. In this approach, the tester has some information about the internal structure—such as architectural details, certain credentials, or configuration data—but not full access to everything like source code. This lets the tester focus on realistic attack paths while still lacking complete insight, giving a practical assessment that sits between no internal knowledge and full internal knowledge. That makes grey-box testing the correct term for a tester with partial knowledge. The other options don’t fit: Grey-Hat hackers describe people rather than a testing methodology; a Full Backup is a data protection technique; and Frame Relay is a networking technology, not a testing approach.